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Nike Federer

Nike Roger Federer Tee weiß/grün SP12 $30.9 Das Federer ´´RF´´ Shirt: Ein Champion für alle Zeiten. Das klare und klassische Design des Federer ´´RF´´ Men´s Tennis T-Shirts aus umweltfreundlichem Material in Standardpassform trägt die Initialen einer der größten Tennislegenden der Geschichte - ´´RF´´ für Roger Federer. Eigenschaften: •...

Nike Roger Federer Tee noir/blancSP12 $30.9 Tee-shirt Federer «&nbsp,RF&nbsp,»&nbsp,: un championindémodableOrné des initiales de lun des plus grands champions delhistoire du tennis, le tee-shirt de tennis Federer«&nbsp,RF&nbsp,» pour Homme est un vêtement essentiel classique etépuré. Réalisé dans un tissu écologique, ce tee-shirt à la...

Nike Federer Hybrid Cap schwarz $24.9 Fang ganz oben an mit erstklassigem Style für einen wahren Spitzensportler. Die RF Hybrid Kappe verleiht dir den unverkennbaren Style von Roger Federer mit schweißableitendem Material und einer verstellbaren Passform, die auf dem Tennisplatz stets für dynamisch-sportlichen Tragekomfort sorgen. >...

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Nike Roger Federer Tee schwarz/weiß SP12 $30.9 Das Federer ´´RF´´ Shirt: Der größte Champ aller ZeitenTribut an eine lebende Legende: Das klar und klassisch geschnittene Federer ´´RF´´ Männer Tennisshirt besteht aus umweltfreundlichen Materialien in einer Standardpassform und trägt eine der bedeutendsten Initialen in der Geschichte des...

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Nike Federer Trophy Knit Jacket weiß FA11 $64.5 Erstklassige Konstruktion, Strapazierfähigkeit und Wärme machen die Federer Trophy Männer Tennisjacke perfekt zum Aufwärmen deiner Muskeln vor einem alles entscheidenden Match. Aus erstklassigem Material mit dem bekannten Roger Federer Logo für Superstar-Style. > Stehkragen und Saum > RF Logo auf...

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Nike Federer Hybrid Cap Noir $24.9 Commence tout en haut avec avec un style de champion. La casquette RF Hybrid t´offre un style évident de Roger Federer avec un matériau évacuant la sueur et une coupe dynamique et sportive, tout en confort.  > Matériau Dri-FIT évacuant la sueur pour un sentiment sec et agréable> Laniére...

Nike Veste Federer Trophy Knit blanche FA11 $64.5 Finitions de qualité, résistance et chaleur font de la veste de tennis pour hommes Federer Trophy la veste parfaite pour garder vos muscles au chaud avant les matchs décisifs. Matériau de grande qualité avec le logo connu de Roger Federer pour un style de super star.&gt, Col montant&gt, Logo RF sur...

Nike Roger Federer Tee brun/blanc SP12 $30.9 Tee-shirt Federer «&nbsp,RF&nbsp,»&nbsp,: un championindémodableOrné des initiales de lun des plus grands champions delhistoire du tennis, le tee-shirt de tennis Federer«&nbsp,RF&nbsp,» pour Homme est un vêtement essentiel classique etépuré. Réalisé dans un tissu écologique, ce tee-shirt à la...

Nike Roger Federer Tee blanc/vert SP12 $30.9 Tee-shirt Federer «&nbsp,RF&nbsp,»&nbsp,: un championindémodableOrné des initiales de lun des plus grands champions delhistoire du tennis, le tee-shirt de tennis Federer«&nbsp,RF&nbsp,» pour Homme est un vêtement essentiel classique etépuré. Réalisé dans un tissu écologique, ce tee-shirt à la...

Nike Roger Federer Tee rouge/blanc SP12 $30.9 Tee-shirt Federer «&nbsp,RF&nbsp,»&nbsp,: un championindémodableOrné des initiales de lun des plus grands champions delhistoire du tennis, le tee-shirt de tennis Federer«&nbsp,RF&nbsp,» pour Homme est un vêtement essentiel classique etépuré. Réalisé dans un tissu écologique, ce tee-shirt à la...

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Nike Federer Trophy Woven Short anthrazit SP11 $19.9 Die Short von Roger Federer! Für kraftvolle Aufschläge und eine unaufhaltsame Vorhand sorgen die Nike Trophy Männer Woven Tennisshorts, ein Sportbasic mit sportlicher Passform und einem Material, das Schweiß ableitet und dir die Belüftung bietet, die du brauchst, um die Siegertreppe zu erklimmen....

Nike Federer Trophy Woven Short SU11 weiss $24.9 Die Short von Roger Federer! Für kraftvolle Aufschläge und eine unaufhaltsame Vorhand sorgen die Nike Trophy Männer Woven Tennisshorts, ein Sportbasic mit sportlicher Passform und einem Material, das Schweiß ableitet und dir die Belüftung bietet, die du brauchst, um die Siegertreppe zu erklimmen. >...

Tilt the balance to Nike after World Cup 2010 suggest the violent attack of Adidas

The war in Iraq is quit, however, even World Cup is ending, the war between Nike and Adidas still continues in football area. From the producing of Football Shoes, Nike has never stop exceed Adidas-the best football shoes in the world. Begining in football field, the war has expanded to business area.

Before beginning of World Cup, Nike is occupy basketball field in collage, 52 of the 65 teams in the 2010 NCAA March Madness wore its 'swoosh' on their shoes. However, just like the slogan "Just do it", Nike has changed their way to football field. Preparation for a long time, the producing of football shoes is the first war between Nike and Adidas. Reported Nike spend $1.7 billion in sales of its core brand soccer gear and equipment in 2008. Its German rival, meanwhile, brought in $1.6 billion at the current dollar-euro exchange rate. But despite Nike's recent, well-played sponsorship deals, Adidas has an edge with contracts to supply 12 of the 32 teams competing in the World Cup this year. No other company can claim such a high number.

In the beginning, it seems that Adidas is more active, but after the listing of nike Mercurial Vapor for 2010 World Cup, Nike become the biggest winner in the business area. Researching for a long time, according to the report of doctors, Nike company tested new nike Mercurial Vapor from time to time. Testing for the speed is nike's first theme. This new Mercurial Vapor is the continues of Nike speed myth, the inside technology is the highlight of Nike which can increasing speed. It is reported that revolutionary "TPU/Pebax" materials, and the Nike Vapor TD pattern are all features of this superior cleat that is geared to create stable traction and provide excellent ankle support. According to the official Nike store, this shoe is "Marshall Faulk's shoe of choice" and it is "designed for the serious football player". For this new shoes, Nike's so-called ambush ads have generated a lot more buzz. Nielsen found that Nike's "Write the Future" ad helped it gain twice as much attention on blogs and social network sites. Initially launched online on May 22nd, it features Wayne Rooney of England and Cristiano Ronaldo of Portugal. As the hot of Cristiano Ronaldo among football fans, it is no wonder that Nike's new ads played great effect for saling this new shoes.

After the nike ads has since been viewed over 14 million times on YouTube alone and over 29 million times on all web platforms. In contrast, Adidas launched its ad featuring David Beckham and Snoop Dogg last week. And so far, it has only received around 3 million hits. However, Adidas is not satisfied with this, for the result, Adidas want new Adidas Soccer Shoes lead the future in World Cup 2010. The other way Adidas do is supplying FIFA - the international soccer federation – officials. And it should stay just ahead in its profitable soccer shoes business as well. Nike's new premium Mercurial Superfly II shoes have nearly kept pace. But Adidas' F50i currently has the lead. Adidias also spends about $71 million per year sponsoring World Cup teams while Nike totals only around $58 million. This do the effect, FIFA authorized the World Cup football use Adidas and also during football match, the advertisements on the football field take Adidas ahead from the behind. Also from market selling show that Adidas football shoes sale better than Nike.

With the great market temptation in 2014 World Cup, Nike and Adidas both are all step up preparations occupy a larger international market. The complaints of Adidas soccer ball give Nike ample room to score for the next World Cup in Brazil in 2014, made the situation more tense. Maybe the tilt the balance to Nike suggest the violent attack of Adidas.

About the Author

Nike Joshon is an author who would like to introduce you something about fashion, like the trend of Women Bags, line of Nike Shoes, poplar kinds of Nike Football Shoes. Even the odd design five finger shoes with MBT Shoes the different types of health products that will benefit people's life.

Clay Court

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A Guide to Buyers for Buying a Tennis Court

Tennis is one of the most popular global sports. Tennis players are not only seen as stars in their respective nations they have also become fashion icons. Professional tennis broadcasts have made the game reach out to homes all over the globe. Tennis is also a mode of staying fit for many busy professionals. But the craze for the game is more evident in the youth, tennis clubs are flocked by players of all ages. Some of the tennis enthusiasts also built homes with tennis courts in them. Tennis court contractors are thus a busy lot these days!

 

To sharpen the tennis skills there is need to hit the tennis turf regularly. Keeping this in mind there are many people looking to buy tennis courts. But playing tennis and being out in the market looking for your favourable tennis court are two different tales all together. There are many tennis court contractors making large profits with their well built tennis courts. But what is well built for one player may not do so well for the other. So there is always need to select tennis courts based on your requirements. Below given are some basic tennis court information which would help you guide the tennis court contractors better.

 

• Surfaces: There are mainly 4 types of surfaces prepared by the tennis court contractors. Varieties include Clay, Grass, Hard and Carpet courts. Clay court is made with a combination of rubber, crushed stone and many types of plastics. Such courts are ideal for long rallies and balls get more spin here. These are the most expensive variety of tennis courts and require regular maintenance using the services of tennis maintenance contractors.Grass courts are the most ancient form of courts and they are constructed using actual grass but later it is flattened out. On these surfaces the bounce is lower and faster and allows the players to make quick and low shots. Both the above mentioned varieties of tennis court surfaces are ideal for the professional tennis players. Hard courts are commonly used variety of surface. These are made of concrete combined with types of rubber and asphalt. The surface is provided with a layer either with acrylic paint or synthetic substances. These courts are compatible for any style of playing as the bounce is even. Hard courts also require the least maintenance.

• Dimensions: Size of the court varies slightly depending on the kind of surface. The basic dimension of a tennis court which most tennis court contractors try to adhere by is 78 feet in length and 27 feet in width. The sides of tennis court are 39 feet in size. The court is divided into two equal halves and a net is suspended by a chord which is attached to 2 net posts. If you are looking to buy a tennis court for professional tennis matches then you should keep these dimensions in mind before buying one.

• Location: Before buying a tennis court you should carry out research about the area. At times tennis courts are sold by their owners due to neighbourhood objections or unruly neighbourhood. You do not want to buy a tennis court with a large fortune and not be able to use it due to such issues. Meet the owners and question them on why they want to sell the court, you may also use local help and get views from some of the tennis enthusiasts in the area. Tennis court contractors should also be consulted. Many of the courts require a lot of work and regular maintenance to keep them in shape. Get an estimate of the costs from tennis court contractors.

• Prices: Do not just pay the price asked. Inquire for the general pricing of the tennis courts in the area. If the court is not in playing condition and requires a lot of repair then you have a good chance of buying the court at low costs. If you have to spend a fortune paying tennis maintenance contractors,then better ask the owner to carry out the repairs himself.

 

If you can keep the above mentioned points while buying a tennis court then you are sure to make a good purchase and enjoy playing tennis!

 

 

About the Author

Rory Shepherd is the owner of Anglia & Midland Sports Surfaces and specializes in building attractive tennis courts. He obtained a national diploma in construction before joining En Tout Cas, one of the largest sports surfacing company in the world.

Wilson Roger

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FiftyFifty By Wilson, Warren/ Barnard, Roger $55.2 Author: Wilson, Warren/ Barnard, Roger Subtitle: Intro, a Speaking and Listening Course Publication Date: 2006/12/14 Number of Pages: 126 Binding Type: Paperback Language: English Depth: 0.25 Width: 8.25 Height: 10.75

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Wilson Roger Federer Tennis Starter Set. $24.99 Perfect for beginners, Wilson and Roger Federer bring you this tennis starter set. Including a 25 inch tennis racket, 2 tennis balls and a water bottle. Aluminium frame.106 sq inch head size.Size H64, W30, D6cm.EAN/MPN/UPC/ISBN: 883813506231.

Fiftyfifty Book One By Wilson, Warren/ Barnard, Roger $55.2 Author: Wilson, Warren/ Barnard, Roger Series Title: FiftyFifty Subtitle: A Speaking and Learning Course Publication Date: 2006/12/14 Number of Pages: 128 Binding Type: Paperback Language: English Depth: 0.50 Width: 8.50 Height: 11.00

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Women in the Martial Arts - Anita Wilson

Women In The Martial Arts

by Anita Wilson

1st Lady Assistant to Sensei Henry Ellis
Ellis Schools of Traditional Aikido
Anita Wilson was graded to Shodan by Jiro Nakazono Sensie the second son of the legendary Budo master who had graded her teacher Henry Ellis in 1963.

I was born in West London in 1963, my father was very involved in the martial arts and a dan grade in Karate he was also a dealer in ancient Japanese arms and armour, although my father has an antiques shop in London's Bond Street, my home was more like a samurai warriors dressing room, with original suits of Japanese armour complete with very frighting face masks that would frighten the life out of my friends when ever they came to visit, there were also very many valuable swords yari and naginata spears.

The Masters

My father would travel around the world searching for the best quality weapons, what intrigued me the most as a child was all these strange visitors that would come to my home, the famous Otani family were regular visitors with Sensei Matsuro Otani 7th dan Judo the UK National Coach, Kenshiro Abbe Sensei, Tomio Otani Sensei the UK National Coach for Kendo, his visitors were like the who's who of martial arts, as recently as two weeks ago I was pleased to meet with Sensei Kazuo Chiba 8th dan when he came to see my father.

Introduction to Aikido

As a child I did a little Karate with my father but nothing serious until 1992 when I went to the local Aikido dojo in Bracknell, Berkshire, UK. All those years with my father and his Japanese weapons must have had a latent but profound effect on me, as I watched Sensei Ellis teaching his Positive Style of Traditional Aikido I knew there and then that this was the martial art for me.

The Hard Training Begins

When I started Aikido I made a point of training with the men and they treated me as one of them. With regular practice I progressed. I had now developed the hard training bug and started courses in physical training and amateur weight lifting, after a few years of hard work I became a fully qualified fitness instructor-personal trainer and amateur weight lifting coach, the high light of all this effort was when Sensei Ellis promoted me to assistant coach of the Ellis Schools of Traditional Aikido (ESTA) two years later he promoted me to first lady assistant to himself, there had never ever been a lady assistant in all the long history of the ESTA, Sensei put me on a three month trial and 8 year on I am still here.

In 1994 I received my coaching certificate from the British Aikido Board (BAB) which is the governing body for Aikido in the UK. Once I became assistant to Sensei Ellis I became involved in assisting in teaching both men and women and also helping with the children's classes.

The First Seminar

Sensei Ellis asked if I would like to take part in a very large and important seminar in Liverpool in the North of England, Sensei Ellis is not one of those teachers who has a pet uke follow him around to fly all over the mat at a touch or a glance, he prefers to try to involve all the students who attend his seminars if possible, knowing this I felt very privileged but nervous when Sensei told me there would be about 700 students from various martial arts, I think the phrase "Being thrown in at the deep end" is applicable here.

On arrival at the venue I was amazed to see so many students from so many countries, UK-France-Germany-Italy-India-Austria are just some that I can recall. Sensei Ellis was asked to take the first class of approximately 50 dan grades from various martial arts. Sensei had me demonstrate 100 press-ups on the backs of my wrists with fingers pointing both inwards and outwards. When I had finished and was in the raised position Sensei sat on my back (he did not warn me of this) and carried on with his lecture. Sensei suggested that those who wanted to should try this exercise. It was amazing to see all these black belts struggling. Later I had a little crowd around me wanting to inspect my wrists, I explained that this exercise is standard for both seniors and juniors in our schools.

I was now feeling a little more confident when Sensei pointed out that there were six young dan grades who had arrived late and were respectfully waiting for permission to come onto the mat. Sensei asked me to show them what we had been teaching so far, they were all wearing black gi's and when I approached and invited them on the mat, they scowled as if to say "hey, we have not traveled all the way from London to be taught by a women" as I showed the first technique "nikkyo" a wrist locking action, the first guy tried to resist me, I applied the technique as shown to me so many times by Sensei and almost put him through the mat. I thought he would be upset with me, but as he got up he asked "How did you do that?". He then wanted me to do the technique on all the others, now I had their attention and they were a great bunch of guy's. I really enjoyed teaching them. At the end of the seminar, as we were leaving the hall to head for the car park, these six guy's were waiting in a line and bowed to me simultaneously with a smile and said to Sensei Ellis " You have a strong lady assistant there ,sensei" Sensei replied " That is why she is my assistant". That was my first seminar and one that I will never forget.

I have been involved in many other seminars with my Sensei and they were always good, but I was never so overawed as I was at my first one, or so I thought. Then Sensei Ellis asked if I would like to visit New Mexico in the USA for a seminar. The seminar was to be held in Alamogordo NM, where Sensei's USA representative in the US lives and works at the Space Museum. Sensei visits New Mexico every year and we have another Ellis dan grade in Texas, Al Montemar. I had always wanted to visit the US and jumped at the opportunity. We made the trip into a vacation for friends and family. We taught members of the USAF and German Air Force at Holloman AFB, which included a guided tour of the base and various fighter aircraft, including the Stealth bomber. Sensei Rogers is an instructor who teaches students from the USAF, Highway Patrol, police and some members of the United States Marshals.

While in the US, I also visited the Grand Canyon and Phoenix. I intend to move to Phoenix to live within the next two to three years. Sensei Ellis has a book on aikido coming out next spring in the US titled "Positive Aikido" which I am pleased to be featured in, Sensei Rogers is a journalist by profession and has worked on this book for the past two years and it will be published in the US. There are several publishers interested in the book so we are all very excited about this latest project. I hope to be visiting the US again next year and I hope to be there for the launching of the book.

For the martial artists out there I would like to add one more comment about the proposed book. Where as most Aikido books spend a great deal of time harmonizing with the planets and the universe, there will be none of that in this book, Sensei always tells students to come out of the clouds and get back on the tatami because "This is where it all happens" and he also often says " leave the dancing to Fred Astair" (who is Fred Astair?).

Anita Wilson
Assistant to Sensei Ellis

Posted by Henry Ellis Co-author of Positive Aikido.

http://www.EllisAikido.org

http://www.british-aikido.com  

About the Author

Anita Wilson is a highly qualified fitness instructor and a long time student of Hensry Ellis Sensei, she is the first women to be graded in the 50 years of the Ellis Schools of Traditional Aikido.

Wilson Roger Federer

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Buffalo Bill

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Bill)

Children

Four children, two of whom died young: Kit died of scarlet fever in April, 1876, and his daughter Orra died in 1880

William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26, 1846 January 10, 1917) was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the Iowa Territory (now the American state of Iowa), near Le Claire. He was one of the most colorful figures of the American Old West, and mostly famous for the shows he organized with cowboy themes. Buffalo Bill received the Medal of Honor in 1872.

Contents

1 Nickname and work life

2 Early years

3 Military service

3.1 Medal of Honor

4 Buffalo Bill's Wild West

4.1 Irrigation

5 Life in Cody, Wyoming

6 Life in Staten Island, New York

7 Death

8 Legacy

9 In film and television

10 The false Italian pedigree

11 Buffalo Bill's / defunct

12 Other Buffalo Bills

13 See also

14 References

15 Further reading

16 External links

//

Nickname and work life

William Frederick Cody ("Buffalo Bill") got his nickname after he undertook a contract to supply Kansas Pacific Railroad workers with buffalo meat. The nickname originally referred to Bill Comstock. Cody earned the nickname by killing 4,860 American Bison (commonly known as buffalo) in eight months (186768). He and Comstock eventually competed in a shooting match over the exclusive right to use the name, which Cody won.

In addition to his documented service as a soldier during the Civil War and as Chief of Scouts for the Third Cavalry during the Plains Wars, Cody claimed to have worked many jobs, including as a trapper, bullwhacker, "Fifty-Niner" in Colorado, a Pony Express rider in 1860, wagonmaster, stagecoach driver, and even a hotel manager, but it's unclear which claims were factual and which were fabricated for purposes of publicity. He became world famous for his Wild West Shows.

Early years

William Cody at age 19

While giving an anti-slavery speech at the local trading post, his father so inflamed the supporters of slavery in the audience that they formed a mob and one of them stabbed him. Cody helped to drag his father to safety, although he never fully recovered from his injuries. The family was constantly persecuted by the supporters of slavery, forcing Isaac Cody to spend much of his time away from home. His enemies learned of a planned visit to his family and plotted to kill him on the way. Cody, despite his youth and the fact that he was ill, rode 30 miles (48 km) to warn his father. Cody's father died in 1857 from complications from his stabbing.

After his father's death, the Cody family suffered financial difficulties, and Cody, aged 11, took a job with a freight carrier as a "boy extra," riding up and down the length of a wagon train, delivering messages. From here, he joined Johnston's Army as an unofficial member of the scouts assigned to guide the Army to Utah to put down a falsely-reported rebellion by the Mormon population of Salt Lake City. According to Cody's account in Buffalo Bill's Own Story, the Utah War was where he first began his career as an "Indian fighter".

Presently the moon rose, dead ahead of me; and painted boldly across its face was the figure of an Indian. He wore this war-bonnet of the Sioux, at his shoulder was a rifle pointed at someone in the river-bottom 30 feet (9 m) below; in another second he would drop one of my friends. I raised my old muzzle-loader and fired. The figure collapsed, tumbled down the bank and landed with a splash in the water. 'What is it?' called McCarthy, as he hurried back. 'It's over there in the water,'. 'Hi!' he cried. 'Little Billy's killed an Indian all by himself!' So began my career as an Indian fighter.

At the age of 14, Cody was struck by gold fever, but on his way to the gold fields, he met an agent for the Pony Express. He signed with them and after building several way stations and corrals was given a job as a rider, which he kept until he was called home to his sick mother's bedside.

Military service

circa 1875

After his mother recovered Cody wished to enlist as a soldier, but was refused for his age. He began working with a United States freight caravan which delivered supplies to Fort Laramie. In 1863 he enlisted as a teamster with the rank of Private in Company H, 7th Kansas Cavalry and served until discharged in 1865.

From 1868 until 1872 Cody was employed as a scout by the United States Army. Part of this time he spent scouting for Indians, and the remainder was spent gathering and killing bison for them and the Kansas Pacific Railroad. In January 1872 Cody was a scout for Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia's highly publicized royal hunt.

Medal of Honor

Cody received a Medal of Honor in 1872 for "gallantry in action" while serving as a civilian scout for the 3rd Cavalry Regiment. In 1917, the U.S.Congressfter revising the standards for award of the medalevoked 911 medals previously awarded either to civilians, or for actions that would not warrant a Medal of Honor under the new higher standards. After Dr. Mary Edwards Walker's medal was restored in 1977, other reviews began that led to Cody's medallong with those given to four other civilian scoutseing re-instated on June 12, 1989.

Buffalo Bill's Wild West

The Wild West Show, 1890

In December 1872 Cody traveled to Chicago to make his stage debut with friend Texas Jack Omohundro in The Scouts of the Prairie, one of the original Wild West shows produced by Ned Buntline. During the 1873-74 season, Cody and Omohundro invited their friend James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok to join them in a new play called Scouts of the Plains.

The troupe toured for ten years and his part typically included an 1876 incident at the Warbonnet Creek where he claimed to have scalped a Cheyenne warrior, purportedly in revenge for the death of George Armstrong Custer.

It was the age of great showmen and traveling entertainers. Cody put together a new traveling show based on both of those forms of entertainment. In 1883 in the area of North Platte, Nebraska he founded "Buffalo Bill's Wild West," (despite popular misconception, the word "show" was not a part of the title) a circus-like attraction that toured annually.

In 1893 the title was changed to "Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World". The show began with a parade on horseback, with participants from horse-culture groups that included US and other military, American Indians, and performers from all over the world in their best attire. There were Turks, Gauchos, Arabs, Mongols and Georgians, among others, each showing their own distinctive horses and colorful costumes. Visitors to this spectacle could see main events, feats of skill, staged races, and sideshows. Many authentic western personalities were part of the show. For example Sitting Bull and a band of twenty braves appeared. Cody's headline performers were well known in their own right. People like Annie Oakley and her husband Frank Butler put on shooting exhibitions along with the likes of Gabriel Dumont. Buffalo Bill and his performers would re-enact the riding of the Pony Express, Indian attacks on wagon trains, and stagecoach robberies. The show typically ended with a melodramatic re-enactment of Custer's Last Stand in which Cody himself portrayed General Custer.

Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill, Montreal, QC, 1885

The profits from his show enabled him to purchase a 4,000-acre (16 km2) ranch near North Platte, Nebraska in 1886. Scout's Rest Ranch included an eighteen-room mansion and a large barn for winter storage of the show's livestock.

In 1887 he took the show to Britain in celebration of the Jubilee year of Queen Victoria. The show was staged in London before going on to Birmingham and then Salford near Manchester, where it stayed for five months. In 1889 the show toured Europe. In 1890 he met Pope Leo XIII. He set up an exhibition near the Chicago World's Fair of 1893, which greatly contributed to his popularity, and also vexed the promoters of the fair. As noted in The Devil in the White City, he had been rebuffed in his request to be part of the fair, so he set up shop just to the west of the fairgrounds, drawing many of their patrons away. Since his show was not part of the fair, he was not obligated to pay the promoters any royalties, which they could have used to temper their financial problems.

Irrigation

Larry McMurtry, along with some historians such as RL Wilson, asserts that at the turn of the 20th century Buffalo Bill Cody was the most recognizable celebrity on earth. And yet, despite all of the recognition and appreciation Cody's show brought for the Western and American Indian cultures, Buffalo Bill saw the American West change dramatically during his tumultuous life. Bison herds, which had once numbered in the millions, were now threatened with extinction. Railroads crossed the plains, barbed wire, and other types of fences divided the land for farmers and ranchers, and the once-threatening Indian tribes were now almost completely confined to reservations. Wyoming's resources of coal, oil and natural gas were beginning to be exploited towards the end of his life.

Even the Shoshone River was dammed for hydroelectric power as well as for irrigation. In 1897 and 1899 Cody and his associates acquired from the State of Wyoming the right to take water from the Shoshone River to irrigate about 169,000 acres (680 km2) of land in the Big Horn Basin. They began developing a canal to carry water diverted from the river, but their plans did not include a water storage reservoir. Cody and his associates were unable to raise sufficient capital to complete their plan. Early in 1903 they joined with the Wyoming Board of Land Commissioners in urging the federal government to step in and help with irrigation development in the valley.

The Shoshone Project became one of the first federal water development projects undertaken by the newly formed Reclamation Service, later to become known as the Bureau of Reclamation. After Reclamation took over the project in 1903, investigating engineers recommended constructing a dam on the Shoshone River in the canyon west of Cody.

Construction of the Shoshone Dam started in 1905, a year after the Shoshone Project was authorized. Almost three decades after its construction, the name of the dam and reservoir was changed to Buffalo Bill Dam by an act of Congress to honor Cody.

Life in Cody, Wyoming

In 1895, William Cody was instrumental in the founding of Cody, the seat of Park County in northwestern Wyoming. The site where the community was established is now the Old Trail Town museum, which honors the traditions of Western life. Cody first passed through the region in the 1870s. He was so impressed by the development possibilities from irrigation, rich soil, grand scenery, hunting, and proximity to Yellowstone Park that he returned in the mid-1890s to start a town. He brought with him men whose names are still on street signs in Cody downtown area Beck, Alger, Rumsey, Bleistein and Salsbury. The town was incorporated in 1901.

In November 1902, Cody opened the Irma Hotel in downtown Cody, a hotel named after his daughter. He envisioned a growing number of tourists coming to the town via the recently opened Burlington rail line. He expected that they would spend money at local business including the Irma Hotel. Cody also expected that they would proceed up the Cody Road along the North Fork of the Shoshone River to visit Yellowstone Park. To accommodate travelers along the Cody Road, Cody completed construction of the Wapiti Inn and Pahaska Tepee in 1905 and opened both to guests.

Cody also established the TE Ranch, which was located on the South Fork of the Shoshone River about thirty-five miles from Cody. When he acquired the TE property, he ordered the movement of Nebraska and South Dakota cattle to Wyoming. This new herd carried the TE brand. The late 1890s were relatively prosperous years for Buffalo Bill's Wild West and he used some of the profits to accumulate lands which were added to the TE holdings. Eventually Cody held around eight thousand acres (32 km) of private land for grazing operations and ran about a thousand head of cattle. He also operated a dude ranch, pack horse camping trips, and big game hunting business at and from the TE Ranch, on the South fork of the Shoshone River. In his spacious and comfortable ranch house he entertained notable guests from Europe and America.

Life in Staten Island, New York

Cody brought his "Wild West Show" to an area of Mariners Harbor called Erastina (named for Staten Island promoter Erastus Wiman) for two seasons from June to October in 1886 and again in 1887. During the winter of 1886, the show moved indoors to Madison Square Garden. His show, featuring Native Americans, trick riders, "the smallest cowboy" and sharpshooters (including Annie Oakley) is said to have drawn millions of visitors to the island.

His 1879 autobiography is titled The Life and Adventures of Buffalo Bill

Death

Buffalo Bill's grave on Lookout Mountain in Colorado.

William F. Cody died of kidney failure on January 10, 1917, surrounded by family and friends at his sister's house in Denver. Cody was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church the day before his death by Father Christopher Walsh of the Denver Cathedral. Upon the news of Cody's death, he received tributes from King George V of the United Kingdom, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Imperial Germany, and President Woodrow Wilson. His funeral was in Denver at the Elks Lodge Hall. Wyoming Governor John B. Kendrick, a friend of Cody's, led the funeral procession to the Elks Lodge.

Contrary to popular belief, Cody was not destitute, but his once great fortune had dwindled to under $100,000. Despite his request in an early will to be buried in Cody, Wyoming, a later will left his burial arrangements up to his wife Louisa. To this day, there is controversy as to where Cody should have been buried. According to the writer Larry McMurtry, Harry Tammen and Frederick Gilmer Bonfils of the Denver Post, who had strong-armed Cody into appearing in their Sells-Floto Circus, either "bullied or bamboozled the grieving Louisa" and had Cody buried in Colorado. This is consistent with an account by Gene Fowler, who wrote Cody's obituary for the Post under direction from Tammen and Bonfils.

On June 3, 1917, Cody was buried on Colorado's Lookout Mountain in Golden, Colorado, west of the city of Denver, on the edge of the Rocky Mountains, overlooking the Great Plains. His exact burial site was selected by his sister, Mrs. Mary Decker, while looking over the area accompanied by W.F.R. Mills, manager of the Denver Mountain Parks. In 1948 the Cody branch of the American Legion offered a reward for the 'return' of the body, so the Denver branch mounted a guard over the grave until a deeper shaft could be blasted into the rock.

Legacy

Buffalo Bill Cody in 1903

In contrast to his image and stereotype as a rough-hewn outdoorsman, Buffalo Bill pushed for the rights of American Indians and women. In addition, despite his history of killing bison, he supported their conservation by speaking out against hide-hunting and pushing for a hunting season.

Buffalo Bill became so well known and his exploits so well entrenched in American culture that his character has appeared in many literary works, as well as television shows and movies, and on two U.S. postage stamps. Westerns were very popular in the 1950s and 60s, and Buffalo Bill would make an appearance in many of them. As a character, he is in the very popular Broadway musical Annie Get Your Gun, which was very successful both with Ethel Merman and more recently with Bernadette Peters in the lead role.

Having been a frontier scout who respected the natives, he was a staunch supporter of their rights. He employed many more natives than just Sitting Bull, feeling his show offered them a better life, calling them "the former foe, present friend, the American", and once said,

"Every Indian outbreak that I have ever known has resulted from broken promises and broken treaties by the government".

While in his shows the Indians were usually the "bad guys", attacking stagecoaches and wagon trains in order to be driven off by "heroic" cowboys and soldiers, Bill also had the wives and children of his Indian performers set up camp as they would in the homelands as part of the show, so that the paying public could see the human side of the "fierce warriors", that they were families like any other, just part of a different culture.

The city of Cody, Wyoming was founded in 1896 by Cody and some investors, and is named for him. It is the home of the Buffalo Bill Historical Center. Fifty miles from Yellowstone National Park, it became a tourist magnet with many dignitaries and political leaders coming to hunt. Bill did indeed spend a great amount of time in Wyoming at his home in Cody. However, he also had a house in the town of North Platte, Nebraska and later built the Scout's Rest Ranch there where he came to be with his family between shows. This western Nebraska town is still home to "Nebraskaland Days," an annual festival including concerts and a large rodeo. The Scout's Rest Ranch in North Platte is both a museum, and a tourist destination for thousands of people every year.

Buffalo Bill became a hero of the Bills, a Congolese youth subculture of the late 1950s who idolized Western movies.

The nickname of the K.A.A. Gent football club in Ghent, Belgium is De Buffalo's (The Buffalos), which was adopted after the Wild West Show visited the area in the early 1900s.

In film and television

On television, his character has appeared on shows such as Bat Masterson and even Bonanza. His persona has been portrayed as anything from an elder statesman to a flamboyant, self-serving exhibitionist. Buffalo Bill has been portrayed in the movies and on television by: bill the buffalo

Himself (1898 and 1912)

George Waggner (1924)

John Fox, Jr. (1924)

Jack Hoxie (1926)

Roy Stewart (1926)

William Fairbanks (1928)

Tom Tyler (1931)

Douglass Dumbrille (1933)

Earl Dwire (1935)

Moroni Olsen (1935)

Ted Adams (1936)

James Ellison (1936)

Carlyle Moore (1938)

Jack Rutherford (1938)

George Reeves (1940)

Roy Rogers (1940)

Joel McCrea (1944)

Richard Arlen (1947)

Enzo Fiermonte (1949)

Monte Hale (1949)

Louis Calhern (1950)

Tex Cooper (1951)

Clayton Moore (1952)

Rodd Redwing (1952)

Charlton Heston (1953)

William O'Neal (1957)

Malcolm Atterbury (1958)

James McMullan (1963)

Gordon Scott (1964)

Guy Stockwell (1966)

Rufus Smith (1967)

Matt Clark (1974)

Michel Piccoli (1974)

Paul Newman (1976)

Buff Brady (1979)

R. L. Tolbert (1979)

Ted Flicker (1981)

Robert Donner (1983)

Ken Kercheval (1984)

Jeffrey Jones (1987)

Stephen Baldwin (1989)

Brian Keith (1993)

Dennis Weaver (1994)

Keith Carradine (1995)

Peter Coyote (1995)

J. K. Simmons (2004)

Frank Conniff (2005)

Cameron Klinger (2008)

Nicholas Campbell (2009)

William Cody's statue at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming.

The false Italian pedigree

Italy was among many countries where stories recounting various adventures attributed to Buffalo Bill were highly popular. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Nerbini Publishing House of Florence monthly published such brochures, sold at 60 centesimi each.

In 1942, when Fascist Italy found itself at war with the United States, the publisher added a note purporting to reveal that Buffalo Bill had actually been an Italian immigrant named Domenico Tombini, originally from Romagna, Mussolini's own native province - a pedigree for which no shred of historical evidence exists. In this way, the adventures could continue publication in wartime Italy, under the title "Buffalo Bill, the Italian Hero of the Plains".

Buffalo Bill's / defunct

A free verse poem on mortality by E E Cummings uses Buffalo Bill as an image of life and vibrancy. The poem is generally untitled, and commonly known by its first two lines: "Buffalo Bill's / defunct", however some books such as Poetry edited by J. Hunter uses the name "portrait". The poem uses expressive phrases to describe Buffalo Bill's showmanship, referring to his "watersmooth-silver / stallion", and using a staccato beat to describe his rapid shooting of a series of clay pigeons. The poem which featured this character caused great controversy. The fusion of words such as "onetwothreefourfive" interprets the impression which Buffalo Bill left on his audiences.

Other Buffalo Bills

Buffalo Bill is also the name of a musician/producer/M.C. from the group Mechanics of Sound. Buffalo Bill is most known for his work with Melodic Undertone Production Group and his help in the underground hiphop movement of San Antonio.

Buffalo Bill was the first song written by Australian country music singer Sara Storer. Living in Camooweal, north of Mount Isa, she met a retired water buffalo shooter whose stories inspired her to write Buffalo Bill, her first song. Buffalo Bill won a Golden Guitar at the Tamworth Country Music Festival in 2001 for New Talent of the Year and appears on her first album, Chasing Buffalos.

Buffalo Bill is also the name of a fictional character from Thomas Harris's The Silence of the Lambs, who was also parodied in the movie Joe Dirt under the name Buffalo Bob.

Two television series, Buffalo Bill, Jr. (19556) starring Dickie Jones and Buffalo Bill (19834) starring Dabney Coleman, had nothing to do with the historic person.

The Buffalo Bills, an NFL team based in Buffalo, New York, were named after Buffalo Bill. Prior to that team's existence, other early football teams (such as Buffalo Bills (AAFC)) used the nickname, solely due to name recognition, as Bill Cody had no special connection with the city.

The Buffalo Bills are a barbershop-quartet singing group consisting of Vern Reed, Al Shea, Bill Spangenberg, and Wayne Ward. They appeared in the original Broadway cast of The Music Man (opened 1957) and in the 1962 motion-picture version of that play.

Buffalo Bill is the title of a song by the jam band Phish.

Buffalo Bill is the name of a bluegrass band in Wisconsin.

Samuel Cowdery, buffalo hunter, "wild west" showman and aviation pioneer changed his surname to "Cody" and was often taken for the original "Buffalo Bill" in his touring show Captain Cody King of the Cowboys.

William Wilson "Buffalo Bill" Quinn: Retired Lieutenant General and Silver Star recipient. He served in World War II as a colonel and became a full colonel in Korea; and at the end of Korea became a Brigadier General.

Bungalow Bill is the title of a song by the Beatles that indirectly refers to Buffalo Bill.

Buffalo Bill is the title of a song by American rapper Eminem

See also

United States Army portal

American Civil War portal

List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars

Ned Buntline: Contemporary of Buffalo Bill and author of successful dime novel series "Buffalo Bill Cody - King of the Border Men"

William "Doc" Carver

References

^ a b Herring, Hal (2008). Famous Firearms of the Old West: From Wild Bill Hickok's Colt Revolvers to Geronimo's Winchester, Twelve Guns That Shaped Our History. TwoDot. pp. 224. ISBN 0762745088. 

^ a b c Cody, Col. William F: "The Adventures of Buffalo Bill Cody", 1st ed. page viii. New York and London: Harper & Brother, 1904

^ a b c d e f g h i j Wilson, R.L. (1998). Buffalo Bill's Wild West: An American Legend. Random House. pp. 316. ISBN 978-0375501067. 

^ a b c Carter, Robert A. (2002). Buffalo Bill Cody: The Man Behind the Legend. Wiley. pp. 512. ISBN 978-0471077800. 

^ Miles from Nowhere: Tales from America's Contemporary Frontier, Dayton Duncan, U of Nebraska Press, 2000 ISBN 0803266278, 9780803266278

^ Polanski, Charles (2006). "The Medal's History". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928073912/http://www.cmohs.com/medal/medal_history.htm. 

^ Sterner, C. Douglas (19992009). "Restoration of 6 Awards Previously Purged From The Roll Of Honor". HomeOfHeroes.com. http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/corrections/restorations.html. 

^ Performing the American Frontier, 1870-1906, Roger A. Hall, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p.54, ISBN 0521793203, 9780521793209

^ The life of Hon. William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, the famous hunter, scout and guide. An autobiography, F. E. BLISS. HARTFORD, CONN, 1879, p329

^ Retrieved on 2008-06-07

^ Retrieved on 2008-06-07

^ Could Building Site be burial ground of the lost warrior from Buffalo Bill's show? Retrieved on 2008-04-25

^ Kensel, W. Hudson. Pahaska Tepee, Buffalo Bill's Old Hunting Lodge and Hotel, A History, 1901-1946. Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 1987.

^ Staten Island on the Web: Famous Staten Islanders

^ a b Lloyd, J & Mitchinson, J: "The Book of General Ignorance". Faber & Faber, 2006.

^ Larry McMurtry: "Sacagawea's Nickname". New York Review of Books, 2001.

^ Colorado Transcript, May 17, 1917.

^ The false Italian pedigree of Buffalo Bill is one of the many items unearthed by Umberto Eco during his extensive research into the pulp literature and popular culture of Fascist Italy, undertaken for writing "The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana"

Further reading

Buffalo Bill Days (June 2224, 2007). A 20-page special section of The Sheridan Press, published in June 2007 by Sheridan Newspapers, Inc., 144 Grinnell Avenue, Post Office Box 2006, Sheridan, Wyoming, 82801, USA. (Includes extensive information about Buffalo Bill, as well as the schedule of the annual three-day event held in Sheridan, Wyoming.)

Story of the Wild West and Camp-Fire Chats by Buffalo Bill (Hon. W.F. Cody.) "A Full and Complete History of the Renowned Pioneer Quartette, Boone, Crockett, Carson and Buffalo Bill.", c1888 by HS Smith, published 1889 by Standard Publishing Co., Philadelphia, PA.

The life of Hon. William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, the famous hunter, scout and guide. An autobiography, F. E. Bliss. Hartford, Conn, 1879 Digitized from the Library of Congress.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Buffalo Bill

buffalobill.org

Works by Buffalo Bill at Project Gutenberg

Buffalo Bill Historical Center

The Scottish National Buffalo Bill Archive

Advert and press report about Buffalo Bill's Wild West in Horsham, West Sussex, June 15, 1904

http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wwquinn.htm

v  d  e

American Old West

Towns

Arizona

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California

Bakersfield  Fresno  San Francisco  Los Angeles  San Diego  Jamestown 

New Mexico

Alamogordo  Albuquerque  Cimarron  Gallup  Lincoln  Mogollon  Roswell  Santa Fe  Tucumcari

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South Dakota

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Texas

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Others

Carson City  Denver  Dodge City  Hot Springs  Independence  Omaha  Portland  Salt Lake City  Seattle  Virginia City

Prominent Figures

Wild West outlaws  Wild West lawmen  Cowboys and Cowgirls  Wild Bill Hickok  Elfego Baca  Butch Cassidy  Mangas Coloradas  Calamity Jane  Victorio  Billy the Kid  Chiricahua  Wyatt Earp  Virgil Earp  Doc Holliday  Bat Masterson  Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang  Liver-Eating Johnson  Annie Oakley  Buffalo Bill  Kit Carson  Sitting Bull  James C. Cooney  Goyaa (Geronimo)  Tom Ketchum  Cochise  Sundance Kid  Crazy Horse  Touch the Clouds  Red Cloud  Soapy Smith  Wild Bunch  Black Bart  Take Witk (Crazy Horse)  Joaquin Murrieta  Massai 

Transport & trails

First Transcontinental Railroad  Mormon Trail  Oregon Trail  Pony Express  Great Platte River Road  Great Western Cattle Trail

Native Americans

Apache scouts  Battle of the Little Bighorn  Battle of Washita River  Wounded Knee Massacre  Long Walk of the Navajo  Scalping

Lore

Alma Massacre  Gunfight at the O.K. Corral  Chisholm Trail  Battle of Tularosa  Dead man's hand  Boot Hill  Western saloon  Wild West Shows  Frisco Shootout  Lincoln County War  One-room schoolhouse

American Folklore

Pecos Bill 

Gold Rush

California Gold Rush 

v  d  e

American folklore and tall tales

 

General

Historical figures

Johnny Appleseed   Andrew Jackson  Abraham Lincoln   Billy the Kid   Blackbeard   Buffalo Bill  Balto  Daniel Boone   Jim Bowie   Kit Carson   Davy Crockett   Leif Ericson   Madoc  Mike Fink  Wild Bill Hickok   Jesse James   Calamity Jane  Casey Jones   Geronimo   Hiawatha   Captain Kidd  Jean Lafitte   Annie Oakley   Pocahontas  Chief Powhatan  Juan Ponce de Len  John Smith (explorer)   George Washington   Soapy Smith  Devil Anse Hatfield  Randolph McCoy  Robert E. Lee  Molly Pitcher  Wyatt Earp  Doc Holiday  John Rolfe  Jos Gaspar  Ulysses S. Grant  Sacagawea  Meriwether Lewis  William Clark (explorer)  Squanto  Myles Standish  Peter Stuyvesant  Jedediah Smith  John Colter  Sitting Bull  George Armstrong Custer  Theodore Roosevelt  Charles Bolles  Jim Bridger  Roy Bean 

Legendary figures

Alfred Bulltop Stormalong  Mighty Casey  Evangeline  Febold Feboldson  Ichabod Crane  John Henry  Mose Humphrey  Ole Pete  Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox  Pecos Bill  Joe Magarac  Johnny Kaw   Rip Van Winkle  Uncle Sam  Ola Vrmlnning  Feathertop  Br'er Rabbit  Br'er Fox  Br'er Bear  Uncle Remus 

Fearsome critters

Argopelter  Axehandle hound  Ball-tailed cat  Cactus cat  Fur-bearing trout  Glawackus  Hidebehind  Hodag  Hoop snake  Jackalope  Jersey Devil  Joint snake  Sidehill gouger  Snallygaster  Splintercat  Squonk  Teakettler  Wampus cat

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Miscellaneous

Terms

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U.S. History

American Civil War  California Gold Rush  Klondike Gold Rush

Literature

Washington Irving  James Fenimore Cooper  Bret Harte  Herman Melville  Mark Twain  Jack London

Genre

Western (genre)  Northern (Genre) 

Persondata

NAME

William Frederick Cody

ALTERNATIVE NAMES

Buffalo Bill, Wild Bill

SHORT DESCRIPTION

frontiersman, showman

DATE OF BIRTH

February 26, 1846

PLACE OF BIRTH

near Le Claire, Iowa, United States

DATE OF DEATH

January 10, 1917

PLACE OF DEATH

Denver, Colorado, United States

Categories: American folklore | American hunters | American people of the Indian Wars | American pioneers | American Roman Catholics | American stage actors | American writers | Bison hunters | Civilian recipients of the Medal of Honor | Converts to Roman Catholicism | Deaths from renal failure | People from Omaha, Nebraska | History of Nebraska | International Circus Hall of Fame inductees | Irish Americans | Irish-Americans in the military | Irish-American writers | People from New York City | People from North Omaha, Nebraska | People from Park County, Wyoming | People from Scott County, Iowa | People from Staten Island | People of the Black Hills War | Union Army soldiers | Utah War | Wild west shows | 1846 births | 1917 deathsHidden categories: Articles with hCards
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Djokovic Tennis

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